{"id":1026,"date":"2024-11-11T12:17:26","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T12:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fml.al\/?p=1026"},"modified":"2024-11-11T12:17:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T12:17:26","slug":"perse-shfrytezojme-ujerat-nentokesore-ndersa-lumenjte-na-rrjedhin-mbi-toke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fml.al\/index.php\/2024\/11\/11\/perse-shfrytezojme-ujerat-nentokesore-ndersa-lumenjte-na-rrjedhin-mbi-toke\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrse shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb uj\u00ebrat n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, nd\u00ebrsa lumenjt\u00eb na rrjedhin mbi tok\u00eb?"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrse shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb uj\u00ebrat n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, nd\u00ebrsa lumenjt\u00eb na rrjedhin mbi tok\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb lumor dhe mbi 600 rezervuar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb territorin e vendit, Shqip\u00ebria vazhdon t\u00eb mbetet ende nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura me uj\u00eb n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, p\u00ebr frym\u00eb t\u00eb popullis\u00eb. Shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb zonat rurale sot furnizohet me uj\u00eb jo p\u00ebrmes rrjetit t\u00eb uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsave, por p\u00ebrmes puseve. Po ashtu, ujitja \u00ebsht\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb mas\u00eb n\u00eb uj\u00ebrat q\u00eb nxirren nga n\u00ebntoka dhe jo nga uji i lumenjve apo rezervuarave, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb d\u00ebmtimit t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs q\u00eb b\u00ebn shp\u00ebrndarjen e ujit. Sipas ekspert\u00ebve, sot p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar uj\u00eb shpohet deri n\u00eb 600 metra thell\u00ebsi, duke nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe rezerva t\u00eb krijuara miliona vite m\u00eb par\u00eb. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore n\u00eb fare pak vite. N\u00eb krahasim me 15 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb disa zona sot uj\u00ebrat n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore jan\u00eb 10-14 metra m\u00eb thell\u00eb. Specialist\u00ebt thon\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebto rezerva q\u00eb i marrim sot n\u00ebntok\u00ebs jan\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos th\u00ebn\u00eb e pamundur, t\u00eb rikrijohen.
\nRealiteti kontradiktor \u00ebsht\u00eb se vendi ka sasi t\u00eb madh uji sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor dhe po e bazon furnizimin me uj\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimin e rezervave q\u00eb nuk rikuperohen m\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Hyrje<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ebs\u00eb ke nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur nj\u00eb pus uji, mjafton t\u00eb k\u00ebrkosh n\u00eb rrjet dhe do t\u00eb gjesh\u00eb dhjetra kompani q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim. Ato reklamojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet sociale procesin e pun\u00ebs, duke treguar suksesin q\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00eb zbulimin e vendburimeve t\u00eb ujit n\u00eb fshtra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre, reklamimin e fundit e ka n\u00eb vitin 2017, por deri n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb njoftonte se ka arritur t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb 1900 puse. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrdor si slogan shprehjen \u201cLe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, duke filluar nga Toka\u201d.
\nPjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e fshatrave t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb nuk furnizohen me uj\u00eb t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm nga rrjeti. \u00cbsht\u00eb e zakonshme tashm\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb fshatra, \u00e7do familje\/sht\u00ebpi, t\u00eb ket\u00eb pusin e saj dhe nd\u00ebrtimi i pusit \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e projektit t\u00eb banes\u00ebs. Nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb sakta mbi numrin e puseve t\u00eb ujit. T\u00eb regjistruar jan\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15.000, por sipas ekspert\u00ebve t\u00eb fush\u00ebs, numri real besohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb mbi 100,000 n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin. Puset hapen sot p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar furnizimin me uj\u00eb t\u00eb dhjetra mij\u00ebra familjeve n\u00eb fshatra si dhe qindra bizneseve q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb akses n\u00eb rrjetin e uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsit. Por uj\u00ebrat n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore shfryt\u00ebzohen masivisht edhe p\u00ebr ujitjen e tokave.
\nSipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave zyrtare t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, potencialisht me infrastruktur\u00ebn egzistuese mund t\u00eb mbulohet me ujitje nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe rreth 360,000 ha, nga t\u00eb cilat 285,000 ha ujiten me rrjedhje t\u00eb lir\u00eb (gravitet) dhe furnizohen me uj\u00eb nga rezervuaret, lumenjt\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrrenjt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa rreth 75,000 ha jan\u00eb projektuar t\u00eb ujiten me ngritjen e ujit me stacione pompimi, q\u00eb aktualisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jasht\u00eb funksioni. Shqip\u00ebria ka nj\u00eb rrjet prej 626 rezervuar\u00ebsh, t\u00eb shp;\u00ebrnadr\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb terrirotirn e vendid, q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbenin p\u00ebr ujitjen e rreth 190.000 hektar\u00eb tok\u00eb. Por kapaciteti depozitues i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb gati p\u00ebrgjysmuar tashm\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa infrastruktura q\u00eb b\u00ebnte shp\u00ebrndartjen e ujit ka p\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb pakthyesih\u00ebm, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e saj. Kanalet ujit\u00ebse u d\u00ebmtuan pas vitit 1990, me ndarjen e tokave dhe cop\u00ebzimin e parcelave t\u00eb ish nd\u00ebrmarjeve shtet\u00ebrore. Po ashtu, u shkat\u00ebrruan t\u00eb gjitha stacionet e pompimit q\u00eb b\u00ebnin ngritjen e ujit nga lumenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00eb kanalet q\u00eb vinin n\u00eb uj\u00eb tokat. Kjo b\u00ebri q\u00eb fshatar\u00ebt dhe fermat q\u00eb po rritet, edhe me bahskimin e tokave, ti drejtohen n\u00ebntok\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebruar burime ujore.<\/p>\n

Sa e pasur \u00ebsht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria me uj\u00ebra n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb e pasur me uj\u00ebra n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, por duhet sqaruar se jo t\u00eb gjitha rezervat e ujit n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor praktikisht mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen. Arsyet jan\u00eb nga me te ndryshmet, p.sh.; disa ujera ndodhen n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi te m\u00ebdha, disa te tjer\u00eb shkarkohen ne det, disa te tjer\u00eb nuk plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb kushtet per tu pir\u00eb, dhe disa te tjer\u00eb paraqesin cil\u00ebsi jo t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. \u201cAto qe jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7muara jan\u00eb rezervat e ujerave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore qe mund te p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr pirje. Por \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh? K\u00ebto rezerva shpesh cenohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb krejt te gabuar si ne parim ashtu edhe teknikisht. Rezervat e ujit te pijsh\u00ebm cenohen p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime sekondare ne m\u00ebnyr\u00eb te pakontrolluar – thot\u00eb Z.Arben Pambuku, gjeolog, studiues i fush\u00ebs s\u00eb uj\u00ebrave dhe ish drejtor i drejtoris\u00eb s\u00eb politikave t\u00eb burimeve ujore.
\nPer ilustrim me posht\u00eb jepet nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb, se sa uj\u00eb i pijsh\u00ebm merret nga nj\u00eb akuifer(zon\u00eb uj\u00ebmbajt\u00ebse), dhe koeficienti i p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt i shfryt\u00ebzimit te akuiferit.
\n1- Disa shpime shfryt\u00ebzohen nga subjekte private me prurje 500 \u2013 1000 l\/sek
\n2- Sasia e p\u00ebrgjithshme q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohej ne vitin 2003 ka qene: Tirana 1100 l\/sek, nd\u00ebrsa ne vitin 2023 arrin afro 2500 l\/s.
\n3- Sasia e ujit q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet p\u00ebr uj\u00eb t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb 1600 – 1800 l\/s
\n4- Sasia e ujit q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet p\u00ebr uj\u00eb teknologjik \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 250 – 500 l\/s
\n5- Sasia e ujit q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet p\u00ebr vaditje \u00ebsht\u00eb mbi 300 l\/s<\/p>\n

Riperteritja e rezerv\u00ebs ujore<\/p>\n

N\u00ebntoka nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb depozit\u00eb e pafundme. Uj\u00ebrat n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore ushqehen nga reshjet dhe burime t\u00eb tjera sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, si rrjedha e lumenjve. N\u00ebse ne i shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb uj\u00ebrat n\u00ebntork\u00ebsore, p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb cikli natyror shfryt\u00ebzim-rikuperim, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo rezerv\u00eb fillon t\u00eb shteroj\u00eb, t\u00eb bjer\u00eb niveli. Q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ne duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur uj\u00eb.
\nKa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr r\u00ebnien e nivelit, por k\u00ebto te dh\u00ebna jan\u00eb fragmentare megjithat\u00eb specialistet hidrogjeolog\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb sjellin shembuj q\u00eb e d\u00ebshmojn \u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fenonem. N\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Rinasit, mes Fush\u00eb Kruj\u00ebs dhe Tiran\u00ebs, niveli i ujerave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore n\u00eb nj\u00eb pus te monitoruar, para 10-15 vitesh ishte 7.5 m, nd\u00ebrsa sot thell\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar uj\u00eb shkon 14-15 metra.
\nNe pellgun e Tiran\u00ebs, niveli i uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore gjithashtu ka r\u00ebnie t\u00eb theksuar ne vazhdim\u00ebsi si rezultat i shfryt\u00ebzimit ilegal dhe pa asnj\u00eb kriter. Luhatja e nivelit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre uj\u00ebrave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb luhatet fort, nga 1 \u2013 9 m.
\nN\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishim n\u00eb kushtet e nj\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimi normal te rezervave dinamike te nj\u00eb akuiferi, kjo rezerv\u00eb rikuperohet brenda stin\u00ebs p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Shfryt\u00ebzimi normal n\u00ebnkupton nxjerrjen e ujit nga n\u00ebntoka ne sasi jo m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se \u00e7\u2019hyn n\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet reshjeve apo trupave ujore sip\u00ebrfaqesore. Thell\u00ebsia n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn rigjenerohet rezerva e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore varet nga litologjia e akuiferit dhe vetit\u00eb hidraulike qe kan\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinjt\u00eb qe marrin pjese ne nj\u00eb akuifer te caktuar. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, rigjenerimi i rezervave \u00ebsht\u00eb shume me i shpejte ne zonat fushore, ne rastet kur akuiferi ushqehet nga lumenjt\u00eb e me pas ne m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sekondare nga reshjet. Ne Shqip\u00ebri akuiferet ne Ult\u00ebsir\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore dhe Gropat e Brendshme shfryt\u00ebzohen me puse te cilat ne shumic\u00ebn e rasteve nuk e kalojn\u00eb thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e 100 m, pra kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe thell\u00ebsia ne rastin specifik te vendit ton\u00eb p\u00ebr rigjenerimin stinor t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. Dekad\u00ebn e fundit thell\u00ebsia e shpimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur, sepse nuk mund te sigurojm\u00eb m\u00eb uj\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm deri n\u00eb 100 m.
\nPor, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar rezerva ujore q\u00eb ne shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb sot 50 – 100 metra thell\u00ebsi? Dhe, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, a rikuperohet m\u00eb kjo rezerv\u00eb ujore q\u00eb ne shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb sot?
\nRezerva n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 10 metra mund t\u00eb rikuperohet edhe brenda nj\u00eb stine me reshje normale shiu, por n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb mijera vite. Ne rastet e mbishfrytezimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb akuiferi, rezervat fillojn\u00eb e b\u00ebhen t\u00eb parigjenerueshme, edhe kur jan\u00eb n\u00eb thellsi t\u00eb vogla. Ne k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ndodh kolmatimi i shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb tok\u00ebs, ose e th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, z\u00ebnia e hap\u00ebsirave ku deri dje l\u00ebvizte uji, nga th\u00ebrrmija argjilore ose th\u00ebrrmija te tjera me litologji te ndryshme qe ulin shkall\u00ebn e mbushjes s\u00eb akuiferit me uj\u00eb, shkallen e qarkullimit t\u00eb ujit e si rezultat zvog\u00eblohet hap\u00ebsira gjeometrike e depozitimit t\u00eb ujit, volumin efektiv te tij. Si rezultat n\u00ebse e mbi shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb nj\u00eb akuifer, si pasoj\u00eb do t\u00eb kemi prishjen e en\u00ebs qe mban ujin n\u00ebntok\u00eb dhe zvog\u00eblimin p\u00ebrfundimtar te kapacitetit uj\u00ebmbajt\u00ebs dhe uj\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

Por, p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb mund ta shuaj\u00eb n\u00ebntoka etjen ton\u00eb?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Uj\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00eb n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi dhe forma te ndryshme. Ai gjendet ne form\u00ebn e uj\u00ebrave me presion-puse artezian duke u vet\u00eb derdhur mbi sip\u00ebrfaqen e tok\u00ebs por mund te gjendet edhe ne thell\u00ebsit\u00eb mbi 1000 m, duke qene gjithmon\u00eb i shfryt\u00ebzuesh\u00ebm. Ne Shqip\u00ebri, para viteve 90, uj\u00ebrat jan\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar me an\u00ebn e puseve hidrogjeologjike deri ne thell\u00ebsin\u00eb maksimale 80-100 m. Por mbas viteve 90` me shkat\u00ebrrimin pothuajse totalisht t\u00eb kontrollit mbi shpimet ilegale si edhe shfryt\u00ebzimi pa asnj\u00eb lloj kriteri i uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim familjar, industrial dhe bujq\u00ebsor ka sjelle si pasoj\u00eb rritjen e thell\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shpimeve, si brenda nj\u00eb akuiferi por edhe ne k\u00ebrkim te nj\u00eb akuiferi t\u00eb dyt\u00eb posht\u00eb t\u00eb parit, p\u00ebr sigurimin e sasive me te m\u00ebdha uji. Sondat shqiptare sot kan\u00eb arritur te shpojn\u00eb puse p\u00ebr uj\u00eb deri ne thell\u00ebsin\u00eb 600 m. Ne bregdetin lindor te Italis\u00eb shpimet kan\u00eb kapur thell\u00ebsin\u00eb 1100-1200 m ne karbonatike per uj\u00eb te pijsh\u00ebm. Shfryt\u00ebzimi agresiv i uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb furnizuar sht\u00ebpit\u00eb dhe ujitur tokat, ndodh n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb pur Shqip\u00ebria vazhdon t\u00eb ket\u00eb ende rezerva t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb ujit sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor. Vendi ka nj\u00eb rrjet lumor t\u00eb dendur dhe nj\u00eb sistem liqenesh natyrale dhe artificiale q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb rezerv\u00ebs s\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb ujit p\u00ebr ujitje.
\nShfryt\u00ebzimi agresiv i k\u00ebsaj rezerv\u00eb sjell si pasoj\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e aft\u00ebsive uj\u00ebmbajtese dhe uj\u00ebdh\u00ebnese nga akuiferet e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore duke \u00e7uar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe shkat\u00ebrrimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb tyre pra duke i kthyer ne jo uj\u00ebmbajt\u00ebs. Ne rastet e mbishfrytezimit, kur preken rezervat statike mund t\u00eb shkaktohet ulja masive e sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb tok\u00ebs, sidomos n\u00eb zonat e ul\u00ebta fushore duke shkaktuar dukurin\u00eb e fenomeneve gjeodinamike, t\u00eb cilat mund te sjellin d\u00ebme te konsiderueshme n\u00eb veprat socio-industriale si edhe ne sistemit e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sa na ndikojn\u00eb ndryshimet e klim\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Toka nuk prodhon uj\u00eb. N\u00eb ciklin natyral t\u00eb qarkullimit t\u00eb ujit, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e reshjeve p\u00ebrthithen nga toka dhe uji q\u00eb p\u00ebrthithet depozitohet, ruhet aty. N\u00eb rastin e maleve, ata e \u201cl\u00ebshojn\u00eb\u201d ujin e p\u00ebrthithur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb graduale, duke ushqyer rr\u00ebket\u00eb, p\u00ebrrenjt\u00eb dhe lkumenjt\u00eb, r\u00eb rastin e fushave ai \u201cfle\u201d. Q\u00eb toka t\u00eb p\u00ebrthith\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm uj\u00eb, duhet q\u00eb reshjet t\u00eb bien t\u00eb shtgrira n\u00eb koh\u00eb. Q\u00eb malet t\u00eb rezervojn\u00eb uj\u00eb, duhet q\u00eb ata t\u00eb depozitojn\u00eb bor\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ken\u00eb shtres\u00eb humusi, e cila sh\u00ebrben si sfungjer p\u00ebr t\u00eb absorbuar ujin. Por \u00e7far\u00eb kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb ndryshimet klimatike n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rregull t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs?
\nReshjet jan\u00eb \u00e7rregulluar, dhe bien n\u00eb form\u00ebn e rrebesheve t\u00eb shpejta duke mos i dh\u00ebn\u00eb koh\u00eb tok\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrthith\u00eb ujin.
\nReshjet e bor\u00ebs po pak\u00ebsohen, duke mos krijuar rezerve p\u00ebr stin\u00ebn e ver\u00ebs.
\nPyjet jan\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar dhe malet nuk p\u00ebrthithin uj\u00eb mjaftueshem p\u00ebr sistemin lumor.
\nPasoja?
\nLumejt\u00eb v\u00ebrshojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb agresive n\u00eb stin\u00ebn e reshjeve dhe shterojn\u00eb drejt tharjes n\u00eb ver\u00eb.
\nNdryshimet klimatike kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar se tep\u00ebrmi rikrijimi i rezerv\u00ebs s\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, rezerva shfryt\u00ebzohet me te nj\u00ebjtin rit\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn kohe kur ritmi i mbushjes \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr i ndrysh\u00ebm. S\u00eb pari, akuiferi mund t\u00eb mbushet me intensitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb jave dhe n\u00eb fund t\u00eb nj\u00eb sezoni t\u00eb caktuar kur natyralisht duhet te rimbushet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb te harmonizuar dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudhe kohe relativisht t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, q\u00eb i jep mund\u00ebsi ujit t\u00eb ket\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb infiltrohet n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur kryesisht me depozitimet n\u00eb Ult\u00ebsir\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimor\u00eb, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar popullsia me e madhe e vendit ton\u00eb
\nZvog\u00eblimi i fondit te tok\u00ebs bujq\u00ebsore, rritja e sip\u00ebrfaqeve urbane, shpyll\u00ebzimet, mungesa e shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs, reshjet q\u00eb bien n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr dhe me intensitet te lart\u00eb kan\u00eb prishur nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr balanc\u00eb natyrore. Raporti normal n\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb p\u00ebr infiltrimin e reshjeve n\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00eb ndaj atyre q\u00eb rrjedhin n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe ka qene 35-65 %, pra 35% depozitohej dhe 65% rridhte. Sot ky raport ka ndryshuar dhe sipas nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimi t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb raportet mjedisore t\u00eb viteve 1998-2023 ky raport arrin n\u00eb vlerat 30% depozitim dhe 70 % rrjedhje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar \u201cindustrin\u00eb e puseve\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 2017 pati nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebqr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll shfryt\u00ebzimin e uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. U mirtau nj\u00eb ligj, q\u00eb e konsideron pusi nj\u00eb \u201cobjekt\u201d dhe si ti till\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb merret leje nd\u00ebrtimi. Madje uji i puseve do t\u00eb tarifohej nga qeveria, nj\u00ebsoj si uji i rrjetit. Duke ruatur k\u00ebtu nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb, p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb quhej uji p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim familjar dhe kjo u p\u00ebrllogarit me thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e pusit, pra puset deri n\u00eb 15 metra thell\u00ebsi nuk do t\u00eb tarifoheshin. U p\u00ebrcaktuan madje edhe saksionet finaciare, gjobat, q\u00eb do t\u00eb vendosesh p\u00ebr moszbatimin e ligjit. Por i ashtuquajturi proces i legalizimit t\u00eb puseve mbeti n\u00eb let\u00ebr.
\nP\u00ebrsa koh\u00eb shteti nuk suguron furnizimin e banor\u00ebve me uj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim familjar, apo bujq\u00ebsor e industrial, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7do mas\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar hapjen e puseve duket e tep\u00ebrt. Sipas ekspert\u00ebve, problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb tek tarifimi, por tek shfryt\u00ebzimi. \u201cNe po shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb p\u00ebr ujitje uj\u00ebra q\u00eb jan\u00eb depozituar nd\u00ebr shekuj dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos rikuperohen dot kurr\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa na kalon lumi mes p\u00ebrmes tokave\u201d \u2013 thot\u00eb inxhinieri Arben Pambuku.<\/p>\n

P.S:<\/em>
\nKy artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb fushate mediatike nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimi p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e ndryshimit t\u00eb klim\u00ebs, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit \u201cNd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimi p\u00ebr ndryshimet e klim\u00ebs: Ndikimi i partive politike p\u00ebr politikat klimatike\u201d, zbatuar nga organizata Forumi i Mendimit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb, mb\u00ebshtetur financiarisht nga Programi i Granteve t\u00eb Vogla t\u00eb Komisionit p\u00ebr Demokraci i Ambasad\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb. Opinionet, gjetjet, konkluzionet dhe rekomandimet e shprehura jan\u00eb te autorve dhe nuk p\u00ebrfaqesojn\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht ato t\u00eb Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/em>
\nProduktet mediatike p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb k\u00ebtij projekti u p\u00ebrgatit\u00ebn nga organizata Forumi i Mendimit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb, me asistenc\u00ebn e studiuesve t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, uj\u00ebrave dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb klim\u00ebs: Arben Muka, Albert Kopali dhe Arben Pambuku.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\t\t